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  2. 太阳系是一个受太阳引力约束在一起的行星系统,包括太阳以及直接或间接围绕太阳运动的天体。在直接围绕太阳运动的天体中,最大的八颗被称为行星,其余的天体要比行星小很多,比如矮行星、太阳系小天体的小行星和彗星。轨道间接围绕太阳运动的天体是卫星,其中有两颗比最小的行星水星还要大。 太阳系的形成大约始于46亿年前一个巨型星际分子云的引力坍缩。太阳系内绝大部分的质量都集中于太阳,余下的天体中,质量最大的是木星。位于太阳系内侧的是四颗较小的行星,分别是水星、金星、地球和火星,它们被称为类地行星,主要由岩石和金属构成。外侧的四颗行星被称为巨行星,其质量比类地行星要大得多。其中最大的两颗是木星和土星,它们都是气态巨行星,主要成分是氢和氦。最外侧的两颗行星是天王星和海王星,它们是冰巨星,主要由一些熔点比氢和氦更高的挥发成分组成,比如水、氨和甲烷。几乎所有的行星都在靠近黄道平面的轨道上运行。
    年龄45.68 亿年
    系统质量1.0014 太阳质量
    最近的恒星毗邻星 (4.22 光年) · 南门二系统(4.37 ly)
     
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