The distal esophagus may also be involved ... middle-aged women and they often complain of dysphagia caused by proximal esophageal strictures; associated skin, oral mucosa and anogenital disease ...

Histologic confirmation, however, is essential for the diagnosis. Biopsies of the proximal and distal esophagus should be taken in clinically or endoscopically suspected esophagitis. In addition ...

Acid regurgitation can lead to distal peptic strictures of the esophagus ... usually in the more proximal esophagus, with marked eosinophilic infiltration (>20 eosinophils/HPF).

Caption Microbiota changes in esophageal cancer. The microbiota of the distal esophagus was influenced by acid reflux from the stomach. Acid reflux leads to inflammation and mucosal damage ...