For fluid-compressed equipment, this means air and pneumatic actuators compress more, so attributes like load displacement responsiveness and carrying capacity are low to moderate. For hydraulic ...

Efficiency is a key design criteria for almost all components and systems on a piece of heavy-duty equipment—as well as for the machine itself. Hydraulics are one of the many areas in which ...

Showing off the 3D-printed hydraulics system. (Credit ... relief spring valve, and pneumatic fittings it was ready to be tested. The (unloaded) gear pump could pump about 0.32 L/minute ...