We are taught that plasma membranes are a typical lipid bilayer, but how do we know this, and who figured it out? Aa Aa Aa Most books mention that membranes have a typical "lipid bilayer," but why ...

Here, we use a synthetic amphiphile to modulate the membrane mechanical properties of cell-derived vesicles and probe channel activation. Using precise membrane mechanical characterization approaches ...

All cells have an outer plasma membrane that regulates not only what ... heads facing outward and their tails lining up in the bilayer's interior. Thus, the hydrophilic heads of the ...

Spirulina-derived EVs (SPEVs) also trigger pro-inflammatory responses to innate immune cells without inducing toxicity in ...