failure to improve after conservative therapy- Automated percutaneous discectomy Same as above Central or lateral recess stenosis, synovial joint cysts, sequestered or free fragments, narrow base ...

Objective To assess the costs and cost-effectiveness of percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomy (PTED) compared with open microdiscectomy among patients with sciatica. Methods This economic ...

The clinical indications for microdiscectomy are similar to those for automated percutaneous discectomy and chemonucleolysis and include unilateral radicular symptoms with leg pain more severe ...