For instance, a study analyzing right anterior mini-thoracotomy versus partial upper sternotomy found that the mini-thoracotomy approach resulted in shorter cardiopulmonary bypass and cross-clamp ...

These valves can either be implanted surgically through a sternotomy or a small incision (mini-sternotomy or transapicallly via a mini-thoracotomy), but also percutaneously through a transfemoral ...