It has three surfaces: an internal articular surface, an external surface contacting the joint capsule, and a basal surface attached to the acetabular bone and transverse ligaments ... The acetabular ...

According to the concept of the constitutional varus 1), the bone growth disturbance ... and the tibial articular surface (TAS) may be shift medially. The medial shift of the TAS will increase the ...

After the hip and knee, the shoulder is the third most common ... the joint in which there is damage to the smooth cartilage covering a moving surface of a joint (called the articular cartilage), ...